![]() ![]() However, due to the limitations of other pressure measurement techniques, the validation of PSP measurements on fast-rotating blades is generally difficult. Compared with pressure transducers, PSP has significant advantages such as high spatial resolution and a lack of contact when applied to fast-rotating blades. Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) is a global pressure measurement technique. The SPOD results reveal the kilohertz dynamic features caused by vortex motions on the plate. Spatiotemporal correlation, band-limited spectra, and spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) are then used to analyze the pressure fluctuations due to jet impingement. This noise reduction and concomitant spectral correction substantially improve the accuracy of results up to a frequency of 2500 Hz. Proper orthogonal decomposition is used to realize noise reduction with no loss in spatial resolution. In this system, the jet velocity was Mach number 0.78–0.84, the feature frequency of pressure fluctuation was as high as 2500 Hz, while the 3 dB attenuation of the PSP used in this work occurred at approximately 1300 Hz. Then, the ability of fast PSP to extract high-frequency dynamic features from an experimental system comprising an inclined subsonic jet impinging on a plate is characterized. This paper first discusses the effect of PSP system’s response and noise contamination on pressure fluctuation measurement and data analysis (spectral analysis and dynamic modal analysis). However, when fast PSP is used for quantitative measurement of pressure fluctuation, there remain challenges including signal attenuation and delay and noise contamination. 2021) and multiple (Whalen and Laurence 2021) bodies, relevant to space debris reentry and meteoroid fragmentation in the atmosphere, are also included in the collection free-flight experiments on a large scramjet model are documented in Tanno and Tanno (2021).įast-responding pressure-sensitive paint (fast PSP) is a valuable tool for high spatial and temporal resolution full-field pressure measurement. Investigations of the free-flight aerodynamics of single (Seltner et al. (2021) extend the study of SSI to the rarefied regime. (2021), Running and Juliano (2021), and Threadgill and Little (2022) concentrate on the important problems of shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions and shock-shock interactions (SSI), while Cardona et al. (2021), while studies of turbulent hypersonic boundary layers appear in Hopkins et al. (2021), Butler and Laurence (2021), Oddo et al. Investigations of hypersonic boundary-layer instability and transition, primarily focusing on the behavior of the second mode for various surface geometries and wall conditions, are well represented in the works of Gragston et al. The Disc brakes provide power and braking precision in every situation, ensuring the safety of the rider. The battery is fully integrated into the down tube of the frame and provides the right range for rides on hard roads. The new De Rosa E-DO also works with the pedal-assist mode deactivated and, due to its low weight, can be used as a traditional road bike. You can also use the button to check the battery status or switch the system on and off. The motor weighs 3.9 kg and can provide five assistance levels, which can be selected via the practical button on the top tube and is easy to control. This is also thanks to the FSA System Motor with a compact 250W motor (torque 40 Nm), which is positioned in the rear hub. Both the frame and fork are made of high-quality monocoque carbon and help keep the overall weight down to just 12 kg. This revolutionary eBike has the same design as De Rosa Road Carbon Bikes and it stands out for its monocoque frame. The De Rosa E-DO is a carbon eRoad bike with the rear hub motor.
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